Bipolar Disorder and Suicide: Understanding the Link and Ways to Find Relief
People living with bipolar disorder often face unique challenges, and one of the most pressing concerns is the increased risk of suicide thoughts and attempts.
Bipolar disorder, a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings, can lead to periods of depression and mania or hypomania. Bipolar I disorder is diagnosed when an individual experiences at least one episode of mania that lasts for at least seven days. On the other hand, Bipolar II disorder is characterised by shifts in mood from depression to hypomania.
The rate of suicide in individuals with bipolar disorder is significantly higher than in the general population. In fact, it has the highest rate among all mental health conditions. The highest rate of suicide attempts among people with bipolar disorder is 15-30 times greater than the general population, with about 6–7% of suicide attempts resulting in death. Men have a slightly higher completed suicide rate than women among those affected.
Thoughts of suicide are more common during depressive episodes in people with bipolar disorder. The extent of depressive symptoms in individuals with bipolar disorder correlates with thoughts of suicide. Rapid changes in mood can also trigger thoughts of suicide.
Impulsivity, a personality trait, is associated with thoughts of suicide and self-harming behaviours in people with bipolar disorder. However, impulsivity alone is not a predicting factor for thoughts or attempts of suicide. Coexisting mental health disorders, such as substance use disorder, can increase the risk of suicide in individuals with bipolar disorder.
In a recent study, impulsivity wasn't the main factor in suicidal thoughts in people with bipolar disorder, but it could play a role when other personality traits, such as high empathy, and substance use disorder were also present.
Supporting someone with bipolar disorder during suicide ideation can involve acting as a mediator and helping them access professional help. Reminding them that their suicidal thoughts are symptoms, not reality, can be helpful. Providing a 'safe space' for someone considering suicide can involve immediate support and comfort during intense emotions.
Treatment for bipolar disorder can help manage thoughts of suicide and improve overall mental health. It is crucial to seek professional help if you or someone you know is struggling with suicidal thoughts or behaviours.
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