Capital exposed in the green revolution's inner workings

Hanoi, the bustling capital city of Vietnam, is embarking on a transformative journey to transition its transportation system towards green and sustainable mobility. This ambitious plan, unveiled by city authorities, targets a significant reduction in petrol-powered vehicles and a strong promotion of electric and green-energy vehicles.

The transition roadmap, set to be finalized by 2026, includes several key measures. From 2025 to 2026, Hanoi will finalize policies to support businesses in adopting green vehicles, expand electric and green-energy bus networks, and develop charging station infrastructure. The city aims for 10% green buses in 2025 and 20–23% in 2026 [1][3].

By early 2025, Hanoi has already launched six new electric bus routes, with plans to increase this to 16 routes and 246 electric buses by mid-2025. Electric taxis are expected to account for 47.4% of all taxis by this time [1].

Between 2027 and 2030, Hanoi plans to fully implement this green transport transition roadmap, aiming to complete the switch by 2030. This includes expanding electric bus service and charging stations to improve connectivity and efficiency [1][3].

Regarding the phase-out of petrol vehicles, Hanoi, along with the nation, intends to implement a ban starting around July 2026 as part of broader efforts to curb air pollution, consistent with directives from the Vietnamese government [2].

To further reduce reliance on gasoline, the government’s roadmap includes the gradual replacement by E10 biofuel, supporting cleaner fuel use in the transition [3].

In addition to this, Hanoi is expanding its public transport infrastructure. Two major urban railway projects are scheduled to break ground in late 2025, aiming to promote mass transit and reduce traffic congestion, contributing to sustainable mobility [5].

The phased approach aims to reduce air pollution, ease congestion, and foster a sustainable urban transport system in Hanoi [1][2][3][5]. Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh has signed a directive to tackle environmental pollution in Hanoi.

Hanoi will begin limiting fossil fuel-based private cars in the Ring Road 1 and 2 areas from the start of 2028. The city is home to about 8 million personal vehicles, including 1.1 million cars and 6.9 million motorbikes [4].

The prime minister has asked Hanoi to release support policies by September 30 to facilitate vehicle conversion for citizens and boost public transport adoption. The new policy initially applies to a 7.2km corridor within Ring Road 1, covering nine inner wards [4].

Hanoi is implementing a series of pilot initiatives to promote the transition to electric motorbikes, including incentives and expanded charging infrastructure. Nearly 60% of Hanoi's air pollution originates from unregulated motorbikes, cars, and particulate matter from road surface wear [4].

By 2030, the ban will extend to all personal vehicles using fossil fuels within the broader Ring Road 3 perimeter. Approximately 5.6 million motorbikes registered in the city are petrol-powered, while only 1.3 million are electric [4].

The directive requires Hanoi to prohibit traditional motorbikes on selected streets from July 2026 [4]. This transition towards green mobility is a significant step towards a cleaner, more sustainable future for Hanoi.

| Timeline | Measures and Targets | |--------------------|--------------------------------------------------------| | 2025-2026 | Policy development; 10-23% green/ electric buses; build charging stations | | July 2026 | Start banning petrol-powered vehicles (nationwide effort) | | 2027-2030 | Fully implement green transport roadmap; expand EV bus/ charging network | | By 2030 | Complete transition from petrol vehicles to electric/green energy vehicles| | By 2035 (extended goal) | 100% electric or clean energy buses in fleet[3] |

[1] Vietnam News

[2] Reuters

[3] The Hanoi Times

[4] Nikkei Asia

[5] The Hanoi Times

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