Essential Case Study Questions for CBSE Class 12 Physics in the context of the 2025 Half-Yearly Exam
The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has released the syllabus for the Class 12 Physics exam in 2025-26. The exam will consist of 100 marks, with 70 marks allotted for units and 30 marks for practicals.
The syllabus is divided into nine units, each focusing on different aspects of physics. Unit-I, Electrostatics, carries 16 marks, while Unit-III, Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism, and Unit-V, Electromagnetic Waves, have 17 marks each. Unit-II, Current Electricity, Unit-IV, Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents, Unit-VI, Optics, Unit-VII, Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter, Unit-VIII, Atoms and Nuclei, and Unit-IX, Electronic Devices, each have an unknown number of marks.
The exam will feature five sections. Section A will cover Electrostatics and Current Electricity, Section B will focus on Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism, Section C will delve into Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents, Section D will cover Electromagnetic Waves, and Section E will feature two case study-based questions, each carrying 4 marks.
Case study questions are an integral part of the Class 12 Physics exam. They test the ability to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world scenarios. For instance, Case Study Question 1 asks to find the voltmeter reading after the connection of a resistance, the voltmeter reading after connection, the resistance of the voltmeter, and the resistance of the resistor added in parallel to the voltmeter.
Similarly, Case Study Question 2 involves a metal rod, rails, a magnetic field, a switch, and a galvanometer, and asks about the polarity and magnitude of the induced emf, excess charge at the ends of the rod, retarding force on the rod, power required to keep the rod moving, power dissipated as heat, and the induced emf when the magnetic field is parallel to the rails instead of being perpendicular.
Case Study Question 3 asks about the dimensions of electric resistance and the resistance of a conductor given a certain current and potential difference.
The benefits of case study questions extend beyond testing theoretical knowledge. They foster critical thinking and problem-solving skills by requiring students to analyze complex scenarios, integrate multiple physics concepts, and justify their reasoning. Unlike standard questions that often focus on direct recall or straightforward calculations, case study questions demand a deeper understanding of the subject matter.
In addition to the case study questions, the Rutherford and Bohr models of atoms are also part of the syllabus. The Rutherford model, which places the nucleus at the center of the atom, has its limitations, as it could not explain the observed features of atomic spectra. These limitations were addressed in Bohr's model of a hydrogen atom, which explains the quantization of electron energy in the orbit and the emission of discrete spectrum lines.
The resistivity of a wire can also be calculated, given its length, cross-sectional area, and resistance. For example, a wire 1.0 m long, 0.4 mm in diameter, and having a resistance of 2.0 ohm has a resistivity of 2.55×10−7Ωm.
Preparing for the CBSE Class 12 Physics exam involves not just memorising facts, but understanding the concepts deeply and being able to apply them to real-world scenarios. The case study questions are a great way to test and improve these skills.
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