Indian Parental Education Expenditure in 2025: Unveiled Here
In a comprehensive study conducted as part of the 80th round of the National Sample Survey (NSS), the expenditure on school education across India has been scrutinised. The survey, known as the Comprehensive Modular Survey (CMS) on Education, covered 52,085 households and 57,742 students, examining household expenditure between April and June 2025.
The survey has shed light on some striking differences in school education expenditure between rural and urban areas, as well as between government and private institutions.
Across India, it was found that only 25.30% of students in rural government schools pay course fees, while a stark contrast is seen in private institutions, where 95.7% of students pay fees. In urban areas, the picture is somewhat different, with 66% of students attending government schools compared to 30.10% in private institutions.
In rural areas, the average course fee per student stands at Rs 3,979, while in urban areas it is Rs 15,143. This significant difference in fees is reflective of the overall expenditure on school education, with rural households spending an average of Rs 2,863 per student, compared to urban households spending Rs 20,411 per student on average.
The survey also found that nationwide, course fees represent the largest expenditure, averaging Rs 7,111 per student. Textbooks and stationery are the second-largest expenditure, averaging Rs 2,002 per student.
The states with the highest average expenditure on school education are yet to be determined from the survey results. However, it is known that household spending on school education in Chandigarh is the highest in India, averaging Rs 49,711 per student. Other states with high expenditure include Himachal Pradesh (Rs 39,550 per student) and Tamil Nadu (Rs 28,951 per student).
Private unaided schools account for 31.9% of total enrollments across the country, while government schools account for 55.9%. In Karnataka, for instance, government schools account for 69.9% of total enrollments, while in Andhra Pradesh, they account for 60.9%.
It is worth noting that 95% of students depend on their families to finance their education, with government scholarships playing a negligible role (1.2%).
The survey results do not provide specific information on which Indian states have the highest average annual expenditure per student for schooling according to the latest survey. However, the findings offer a valuable insight into the disparities in school education expenditure across rural and urban areas, as well as between government and private institutions.
The survey serves as a reminder of the need for equitable access to quality education for all students in India, regardless of their location or the type of school they attend.
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