Italy's participation in the Three Seas Initiative: reasoning for Italy's involvement in the Eastern Europe undertaking
In a shift from past Italian governments, the current administration, led by Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, is recognising the strategic importance of the Three Seas Initiative (3SI) for participating countries. This platform, established in 2016 by 12 EU member states, aims to foster cooperation between northern and southern European countries, united by the historical experience of the Iron Curtain.
Italy, despite its strategic location, has been absent from the 3SI member list. However, Meloni's government is considering the 3SI as a potential avenue to strengthen alternative energy supplies and reduce dependency on Russian energy. This move aligns with the government's stance on China, as Italy has already decided not to renew its membership in the Belt and Road Initiative in 2023, mirroring the views of the former U.S. President Trump.
Italy's trade with 3SI member countries, such as Croatia and Slovenia, amounts to 8 billion euros, with 300 Italian companies operating in Croatia. The city of Trieste, situated in the center of 3SI countries, is suitable for hosting Europe's infrastructural, energy, and connectivity aspirations.
Participation in the 3SI could also strengthen Italy's relations with other European capitals, such as Warsaw and Berlin. Furthermore, Italy's continued support for Ukraine's resistance against Russia and Moldova's EU accession path could be demonstrated through involvement in the 3SI. In April, Poland announced that Montenegro and Albania would become associated states of the 3SI, and Ukraine and Moldova were designated as associate states in 2022 and 2023, respectively.
The United States, an official partner of the 3SI, has strongly supported the project and could continue to do so under the political umbrella of Meloni's government. The regions of the Baltic, Black, and Adriatic seas are highlighted through the 3SI's network of energy, connectivity, and infrastructure projects.
Meloni's government is urged to adopt a long-term approach to economic security by considering the 3SI as a geopolitical priority for Italy. This would involve looking beyond Italy's traditional areas of geographical interest and engaging in broader forms of regional cooperation.
However, if full membership seems too demanding, Italy could consider starting with 3SI membership as a "partner" as a first step. This would allow Italy to test the waters and assess the benefits of full membership without committing to the extensive obligations that come with it.
In conclusion, Italy's potential involvement in the Three Seas Initiative presents an opportunity for the country to strengthen its economic and geopolitical position in Europe. By collaborating with reliable international partners, Italy can enhance its energy security, support coordinated action against potential supply disruptions caused by geopolitical conflicts, and integrate with EU member states.
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