The authenticity of autonomous vehicles' self-reliance: an examination.
In the rapidly evolving world of autonomous vehicles, two concepts have emerged as crucial in ensuring safety and efficiency: Teleoperation and Teleassistance. These terms, though related, serve distinct purposes in the autonomous driving landscape.
In Germany, a legal framework for Level 4 operation (highly automated driving without a driver within defined areas) has been in place since 2021/2022, with a focus on Technical Supervision. This supervision remotely monitors vehicles, deactivates driving functions if necessary, or grants maneuvers, but does not continuously control. Teleoperation, where a human operator steers the vehicle in real-time, is used in practice mainly in narrowly defined scenarios with low speeds.
However, in leading markets like California, teleoperation plays a minor role for mobility providers, with autonomous cars driving themselves most of the time. Instead, these providers rely on tele-assistance, with fleet response centers activated when the vehicle needs assistance. This form of assistance offers human support or interventions, but the vehicle primarily operates autonomously.
In the USA, the traffic authority NHTSA sets guidelines, but many operational and remote assistance details are regulated by the states. The concepts used in control centers are Teleoperation and Teleassistance. Notably, autonomous vehicles in the USA usually drive themselves, but are remotely supported through tele-assistance.
Car-sharing startup Vay in Germany received an exemption permit for remotely controlled vehicles without a safety driver in Hamburg in 2022. This marks a significant step towards genuine teleoperation as a separate operating mode, with strict conditions. Uber and Lucid have planned 20,000 own vehicles for a robot taxi alliance, further emphasising the potential of autonomous driving.
Ideally, humans never intervene in the autonomous driving process. However, robot taxi fleets cannot operate without human help, there's always a human in the background. Humans working in the background for commercial providers do not permanently steer the cars, but their role is crucial in ensuring the smooth operation of these autonomous vehicles.
Recently, the Federal Ministry of Transport in Germany has created a regulation for teledriving that offers a legally secure framework for short, predictable trips. This regulation aims to further facilitate the integration of autonomous vehicles into our daily lives.
In conclusion, while autonomous vehicles are designed to drive themselves, the role of Teleoperation and Teleassistance is crucial in ensuring safety and smooth operation. As the technology continues to evolve, we can expect these concepts to play an increasingly important role in shaping the future of transportation.
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