Unconventional Activities: Exploring Beyond the Norm (Without Warnings, Censors, or Boundaries)
In the political arena of Germany, the landscape has undergone significant changes over the years. A notable development is the resurgence of the old feud between communists and social democrats, leading to the unification of the liberals in one party, the FDP.
However, this shifting political landscape has left voters in a state of uncertainty, as the multitude of parties makes it difficult to predict who will form alliances before the election. One such party that has made a mark on the right-wing fringe is the "Alternative for Germany" (AfD), which was founded in 2013 and is currently represented in the Bundestag.
The Union, another significant political force, is divided over the Greens as a potential coalition partner. While the CDU tends to favour an alliance, the CSU tends to be more hesitant.
The emergence of new parties is not a new phenomenon in German politics. Parties such as "Bündnis Deutschland", "Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht" (BSW), "Democratic Alliance for Diversity and Renewal" (DAVA), and "Values Union" are some of the latest additions to the political spectrum.
Looking back, the first Bundestag election was heavily influenced by Weimar influences, with party concentration setting in rapidly. The German Empire and the Weimar Republic accommodated similar political forces, including social democratic, Catholic, liberal, and conservative political forces.
The Weimar Republic expanded its party spectrum with the NSDAP and KPD, while ethnic and regional groupings disappeared. After the Second World War, the Western occupying powers established a constellation of four parties: SPD, KPD, Union, and FDP. The "Party of Democratic Socialism" (PDS) emerged from the SED and was later renamed "The Left".
The Green Party, in West Germany, was founded in 1983 through the merger of various environmental and peace movements, citizen initiatives, and political groups. This diverse origin strengthened the party's ecological and social agenda. The entry of the Greens into the federal parliament in 1983 and 1987 did not fundamentally change the finding that citizens more or less knew who would coalition with whom.
Notable events, such as the German reunification in 1990, led to a five-party system. Parties were necessary for forming the government in the Weimar Republic, but the first "Weimar Coalition" lost its majority after the first Reichstag election in 1920.
The CDU and CSU were concerned with creating a Christian-transconfessional party to overcome the shortcoming of the Centre party. The SPD and the Greens have ruled out a coalition with the AfD, and the Union and the FDP have similarly distanced themselves from "The Left".
Regardless of the success of this or that new party, the polarization and the sharpening of opposites remain a significant structural defect in the German political landscape. The Union received a narrow absolute majority of the mandates in the 1953 Bundestag election, and only the three "Germany" parties (Union, SPD, FDP) managed to do so from 1961 to 1980.
The traffic light coalition formed after the 2021 federal election was not expected, adding another layer of complexity to the ever-evolving political landscape of Germany.
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